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Insight | Time: May 16 2019 6:12PM  Editor:CCFGroup.com
New China-Pakistan FTA: impact on cotton yarn trade pattern
 
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Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan in Beijing on April 28, during which the representatives of the two countries formally signed the "Protocol of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on Amending the Free Trade Agreement", symbolizing the second phase of the bilateral trade agreement between China and Pakistan took effect. As early as 2005, the two sides launched a mutually beneficial agreement. At that time, China decided to impose a zero import tax on products imported from Pakistan for 769 items, mainly textile products. Similarly, Pakistan also exempted tariffs on 486 types of products imported from China. In 2006, China-Pakistan signed the "Free Trade Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan", which was implemented in 2007. Since then, bilateral trading value of China and Pakistan increased quickly.


As shown in the chart above, bilateral trade value between China and Pakistan increased obviously during 2005-2008. The imports of China from Pakistan kept rising until 2013, and then shrank somewhat, while that of Pakistan from China kept strong until 2017. Trade deficit of Pakistan to China remained widening, and only retreated slightly in 2018. In 2018, export value of Pakistan to China approached 1.84 billion USD, including cotton yarn 825 million USD accounting for 44.74% of total commodity exports. Therefore, cotton yarn contributed the most to the export of Pakistan to China.



Pakistan kept the largest cotton yarn import origin of China since 2012 and its cotton yarn imported by China accounting for nearly 40% in total imports of China. In the same year, The First Imported Cotton Yarn Forum hosted by CCFGroup launched and a large amount of Pakistani cotton yarn, Indian one and Vietnamese one was introduced to China successively. After 2013, surpassed by India and Vietnam, Pakistan slid to the third major cotton yarn import origin of China during 2016-2018. Will the tariff adjustment this time reverse the status?

Firstly, interpretation on policy and forecast
a. The 3 product categories are defined as follows:
Category 1. For China and Pakistan, this refers to all products with applied MFN tariff rates higher than 15%.
Category 2. For China and Pakistan, this refers to all products with applied MFN tariff rates between 5% (inclusive) and 15% (inclusive).
Category 3. For China and Pakistan, this refers to all products with applied MFN tariff rates lower than 5%.

b. Implementation timeframes
Product category Not later than 1 Jan 2006 Not later than 1 Jan 2007 Not later than 1 Jan 2008
1 10% 5% 0%
2 5% 0% 0%
3 0% 0% 0%

Remark: Starting Jan 1 2006, China imposed preferential tariff rate on some products originated in Pakistan, including single cotton yarn, plied cotton yarn and cotton fabric.

HS code Commodity name MFN rate (锛) Agreement rate (锛) Change (锛)
52051100 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, yarn鈮714.29decitex 5 3.5 30
52051200 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 232.56鈮arn锛714.29decitex 5 3.5 30
52051300 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 192.31鈮arn锛232.56decitex 5 3.5 30
52051400 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 125鈮arn锛192.31decitex 5 3.5 30
52051500 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, yarn锛125decitex 5 3.5 30
52052100 Combed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, yarn鈮714.29decitex 5 3.5 30
52052200 Combed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 232.56鈮arn锛714.29decitex 5 3.5 30
52052300 Combed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 192.31鈮arn锛232.56decitex 5 3.5 30
52052400 Combed single cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 125鈮arn锛192.31decitex 5 3.5 30
52053100 Uncombed cabled cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, single yarn鈮714.29decitex 5 4.5 10
52053200 Uncombed cabled cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 232.56鈮ingle yarn锛714.29decitex 5 3.5 30
52054100 Combed cabled cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, single yarn鈮714.29decitex 5 4.5 10
52054200 Combed cabled cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 232.56鈮ingle yarn锛714.29decitex 5 3.5 30
52054600 Combed cabled cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 106.38鈮ingle yarn锛125decitex 5 4.5 10
52054700 Combed cabled cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, 83.33鈮ingel yarn锛106.33decitex 5 4.5 10
52054800 Combed cabled cotton yarn, cotton鈮85%, single yarn锛83.33decitex 5 4.5 10
52061100 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton锛85%, yarn鈮714.29decitex 5 4.5 30
52061200 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton锛85%, 232.56鈮arn锛714.29decitex 5 3.5 30
52061500 Uncombed single cotton yarn, cotton锛85%, yarn锛125decitex 5 3.5 30
52062100 Combed single cotton yarn, cotton锛85%, yarn鈮714.29decitex 5 4.5 10
52071000 Combed single cotton yarn, cotton锛85%, yarn鈮714.29decitex 6 5 17

Therefore, according to the tariff implementation plan, the import tariffs of China on Pakistani yarns in the following years are still mostly 3.5%, and some products at 4.5%. Then in 2008 and around 2010, there were rumors of zero-tariff on Pakistani yarn in the market. At that time, according to the market verification, the implemented rate was the agreement rate, but some local enterprises obtained state subsidies because of the implementation of targeted policies. It stopped in around 2014, and the following years were completely market-oriented. In those years, the Indian and Vietnamese yarns increased rapidly. Without targeted policy subsidies, Pakistani yarn market share decreased significantly. Today, targeted preferential policies are restarted in a certain way, which is reported that the rules are still in secrecy. From the content that has been publicly disclosed by the Pakistan and China, the cotton yarn is explicitly included in the tariff reduction list. According to CCFGroup, the tariff reduction is considerable and most of the companies that obtain targeted preferential policies are also shared with users.

Secondly, about the import volume and substitution
At present, Pakistan is the third largest cotton yarn import origin of China with annual export volume to China down from 588kt in 2013 to 324.9kt in 2018. If the price spread of the same specification between Pakistani and Chinese cotton yarn, the import volume of China from Pakistan is expected to increase to a certain extend. From end-2018, according to the ordering price of Pakistani cotton yarn, the tariff adjustment is in expectation. Therefore, the price spread between Pakistani and Chinese cotton yarn is the key factor affecting later ordering. Once there is enough gap, downstream demand will show its activeness.


Besides, the major products of Pakistan textile industry did not change much and were still mainly low-count and siro-spun one. Among them, exports of single carded cotton yarn below 8S and within 8-25S accounted for 92% of the total to China. So Pakistani cotton yarn has limited threat to other cotton yarn market.




It can be seen from the detailed data that China imported Pakistani single carded cotton yarn 8-25S the most which is also the most imported from the world. Pakistani cotton yarn accounted for 26% and it still has upward room. Besides, competiveness of other combed ones and carded ones below 21S will improve. Pakistan cotton yarn output approaches 3.4 million tons and 10% of them are exported to China. In 2018, Pakistan exported 465kt of cotton yarn accounting for nearly 70% in China. On the other hand, purchasing volume from China dominated the exports of Pakistani cotton yarn. The largest competitor of Chinese buyers is local users in Pakistan. As a result, price and downstream orders become the biggest drive apart from policies. In long run, Pakistani cotton yarn imports of China will increase, but hardly return to No.1. Combined with expected price spread, the yearly growth rate may be within 20%, and it is expected to increase in 2020 and 2021.

Appendix: Commodity import origins and export destinations of Pakistan

Commodity import origins of Pakistan


Commodity export destinations of Pakistan




What about the spinning status in Pakistan? Can downstream industry support its consumption? What are the advantages of low-count cotton yarn in international competition? More details can be found in the report Deep research on Pakistan spinning cost and international competitiveness









[RISK DISCLAIMER] All opinions, news, analysis, prices or other information contained on this report is provided by analyst of Zhejiang Huarui Information Consulting Co., Ltd (CCFGroup) as general market commentary and does not constitute investment advice. CCFGroup will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation to, any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from use of or reliance on such information.
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